This material gets tougher as you break it

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From: Veritasium
Duration: 41:07
Views: 1,033,935

The strange natural material that reshaped the world. Sponsored by Ground News -
Go to https://groundnews.com/Ve to see through media misconceptions and get all sides of every story. Subscribe to save 40% off the unlimited Vantage Plan through our link.

If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

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A huge thanks to Professor James Busfield, Dr. Katrina Cornish, and Dr. Judit Puskas

We’re incredibly grateful to Toby Samples and the team at ARDL for their time and expertise.

Thanks also to Joe Jackson, Dr. Kevin Krause, Dr. Peter Polyak, Donald Shultz, Professor Robert Weiss for all their help on the project.

▀▀▀
0:00 Where does rubber come from?
2:59 What is rubber?
5:10 Why is rubber so stretchy?
6:29 The problem with natural rubber
9:02 Cured Rubber
15:23 Vulcanisation
18:41 What rubber is used in tires?
22:54 How fungi could destroy the world economy
29:17 Synthetic rubber vs natural rubber
38:20 Why are some people allergic to latex?

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References: https://ve42.co/RubberRefs

Images & Video: https://ve42.co/RubberImgRefs

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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, armedtoe, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jon Jamison, JT, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Bush, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robert Oliveira, Sam Lutfi, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, Walter Flinn, and wolfee.

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Writers - Sulli Yost & Casper Mebius
Producer & Director - Sulli Yost
Editors - Jack Saxon & Peter Nelson
Camera Operators - Adam Bonomo, Jacob Ruocchio-Cole, Henry van Dyck, Thomas Matheis, Derek Muller & Sulli Yost
Animators - Allama Nandi, Andrew Neet, Emma Wright, Ivy Tello, Fabio Albertelli & Rokas Viksraitis
Illustrators - Jakub Misiek & Maria Gusakovich
Assistant Editor - James Stuart
Researchers - HyoJeong Choi, Callum Cuttle & Gabe Strong
Thumbnail Designers - Ren Hurley, Ben Powell & Abdallah Rabah
Production Team - Zoe Heron, Casper Mebius, Josh Pitt, Rob Beasley Spence, Henry van Dyck & Sulli Yost
Executive Producers - Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound

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jlvanderzwan
10 hours ago
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35:00 So technically we could use natural rubber to build a heat pump, right? EDIT: apparently this is called an "elastocaloric heat pump"
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Crinoid Hats

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From: Kiabugboy
Duration: 5:06
Views: 14,024

Crinoids and their pals

Image courtesy:
Arnošt Hanák - https://www.arnya.cz/
David Clark - https://www.instagram.com/clarkeocrinus/
Fossils-uk - https://www.fossils-uk.com/
fossillocator - https://x.com/FossilLocator
Ken Karns - kkarns60@gmail.com
Ontario rockhound - https://www.youtube.com/@Ontario_Rockhound
Prehistorica cm - https://x.com/Prehistorica_CM
Samuel kim - https://www.skfossils.com/
Tony Petropoulos - https://www.instagram.com/geology.life/

Music used:
https://uppbeat.io/track/ambient-boy/rain-drops
https://uppbeat.io/track/gerald-olivieri/pierrot-lunaire
https://uppbeat.io/similar/kevin-macleod/mirage
https://uppbeat.io/track/richard-bodgers/sweet-but-evil

References:
Drilling in batocrinids
https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app48/app48-156.pdf

the nature of platyceratid drilling
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262899849_Evaluating_the_interaction_between_platyceratid_gastropods_and_crinoids_A_cost-benefit_approach#pf9

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266267083_Fossil_Record_of_Parasitism_on_Marine_Invertebrates_with_Special_Emphasis_on_the_Platyceratid-Crinoid_Interaction

Bore holes on Devonian Blastoids
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222741281_Boreholes_in_the_Middle_Devonian_blastoid_Heteroschisma_and_their_implications_for_gastropod_drilling

Infested Corocrinus were smaller in size
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249466738_Infestation_of_Middle_Devonian_Givetian_camerate_crinoids_by_platyceratid_gastropods_and_its_implications_for_the_nature_of_their_biotic_interaction

Regeneration in infested crinoids
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323913292_Spinosity_regeneration_and_targeting_among_Paleozoic_crinoids_and_their_predators

#paleoart #crinoid #3danimation #prehistoric #prehistoriclife #sealily #sealife #featherstars
#ocean #devonian #carboniferous #silurian #echinodermata #blender3d #dinosaur #dinosaurs #naturalhistory #fossils #geology #wildlife #oceanlife #ocean #deepsea #parasitism

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jlvanderzwan
1 day ago
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Grandpa Turtle

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Grandpa Turtle

And more turtles.

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jlvanderzwan
2 days ago
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[looks around] "Well, Mitch..."
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Horror Stories for After Halloween

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HORROR STORIES for AFTER HALLOWEEN "The horrible noises were coming from behind a velvet curtain at the end of the long, dark hallway," Grrrl says. Cat says "Sisyphus was cursed to roll a boulder up a hill - every day -" "They advanced toward it slowly, quietly," Grrrl says, "grabbed hold of the curtain and pulled it aside, only to reveal-" "Most people would rather have a worse life with high status than a lower status life in a world that's better for everyone," says Boy. "Then on day his boss said," relays Cat, "'It's time to return to the office! We can all work so much better when we're in the same place!'" "dddddddiiSSSSsssssscourssssssssssse" says Bad Decision Dinosaur. "THE GENOCIDE THAT POWER IS BUILT ON!" Says Grrrrl. "'Wow you weren't supposed to see that' one guy said." "So Sisyphus rolled his boulder up the office fire stairs" says Cat. "Then his boss hired a new team based in India and asked Sisyphus to show them 'how you do that boulder stuff'." "But everyone in charge was mostly fine with it" says Grrrl. Girl says "As Gregor Sansa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found he had become his job."
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jlvanderzwan
2 days ago
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Sissyphus' reaction to the news after a short one-on-one with Bouldy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cyf0s7KkN1o
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Irregular Webcomic! #2939 Rerun

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Comic #2939

These are indeed big philosophical considerations.

What are they doing in a webcomic?!


2025-11-05 Rerun commentary: Dr McCoy was the only one in Star Trek (The Original Series) who ever seemed to question the implications of transporter technology. But then he just shrugged and was like, "I guess it'll be okay." Dr Pulaski and Reg Barclay (The Next Generation) also had fears, but also used them anyway.
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jlvanderzwan
2 days ago
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The Barclay episodes show that in the Star Trek universe you're conscious the entire time you're converted to energy. And souls exist, as do beings of pure energy (typically depicted as "higher", more advanced lifeforms with godlike powers), as do multiple episodes where someone "ascends" to energy godhood. Which is not at all how physics works (kinda dumb that we're ok with that but salamanders are a bridge too far for the fandom, when I put it like that).

But hey, let's run with that. Then here's a fringe theory I just came up with: the Star Trek transporters temporarily force an "ascenscion" into a conscious of pure energy, that is then yeeted across spaces before the universe shoves you back down to physical space because you aren't actually enlightened yet.
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One of the cartoons from my new book ‘Physics for Cats’. In good bookshops now and online in…

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Caption: Despite his status in the mathematics community, Torus never stopped feeling inferior to his more delicious relatives, Doughnut and Bagel. 

Image: A wireframe torus with arms and legs waves awkwardly to a donut and bagel.

From 'Physics for Cats' by Tom Gauld - order it at www.tomgauld.comALT

One of the cartoons from my new book ‘Physics for Cats’. In good bookshops now and online in English, French, German and Spanish editions. I am in Spain this week launching the book - come along!

  • Wednesday, 7.30pm, Fundacion Telefonica, Madrid
  • Thursday, 6.30pm, Los 3 Hermanos de Moriarty, Madrid
  • Friday, 7.30pm, Libreria Letras Corsarias, Salamanca

Links at www.tomgauld.com

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jlvanderzwan
3 days ago
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